摘  要

本课题是实现基于单片机的带智能自动化的红外遥控小车。论文首先介绍了系统的总体组成，然后分为硬件与软件两部分进行阐述。硬件电路部分主要描述了红外接收主控制模块与各模块的相互关系，这部分主要采用MC-51作遥控发射器及接收处理器，汽车前进、后退用直流电动机驱动，转向用步进机驱动，直流电动机采用桥式开关电路驱动电机，步进机用数字逻辑电路驱动，通过无线传输控制小车的运行状态。课题涉及到硬件与软件两大部分，硬件电路部分的实现是以单片机AT89C51为核心，作为主控制电路，其他外围电路为从属电路部分。把硬件电路可分为两个模块，发送板模块与接收板模块，再把接收模块分为三个小模块：电机驱动、数码显示和单片机主控。软件部分设计步骤可分为：主程序和中断程序入口程序、初始化程序中的各变量、主程序、键盘工作子程序、中断接收程序、延时子程序等。该论文就上面问题详细介绍了软硬件设计、实现和调试过程中所采用的方法,并采取相应的步骤解决问题。

关键词：红外遥控接收编码；发送编码；单片机

Astract

     The topic realize infrared ray remote control car which based on the single chip microcontroller whit intelligence automation. In this thesis, I firstly introduced the whole component of this system, then the hardware and software .In the part of hardware, I depicted the relation between the whole structure and modes, and further the inner structure and outer character of new programming chip. The intelligent automation control request is more and more high. The design uses MC-51 to do controls remotely the launcher and the receive processor. The automobile ahead and back use the direct current motor to control, while the step-by-stepping machine actuate the direct, The direct current motor uses the bridge type switching circuit to actuate the electrical machinery, Step-by-stepping machine actuates with the digital logic circuit. The wireless transmission controls the car running status. The two major part is composed by the hardware and the software, The hardware electric circuit realizations are take the single chip microcontroller AT89C51 as the cores, as master control electric circuit, Other periphery electric circuits are the subordinated electric circuit partial. The hardware electric circuit may divide into two modules, Transmission board module and receive board module. The transmission module may divide into three small modules: The motor-driven, the digital code demonstrated and the single chip microcontroller controls. The software partial design procedure is: Master program and interrupt entrance procedure program, initialization various variables program, keyboard work subroutine, severance receive procedure program, time delay subroutine and so on. This paper introduced on the above question in detail which is in the software and hardware design, the realization and the debugging process method, and adopts the corresponding step to solve the problem.

Key words：Infrared remote control Receive yard Send yard The single chip microcontroller .

目    录

引言 ………………………………………………………………………… 1
1　  硬件电路部分 ………………………………………………………… 3
1.1   硬件电路设计的思想 ……………………………………………………………… 3
1.2   单片机主控制电路 ………………………………………………………………… 5
1.2.1 电路的工作原理过程 ……………………………………………………………… 6
1.2.2 单片机内部功能单元 ……………………………………………………………… 7
1.3   数码管显示模块 …………………………………………………………………… 9
1.4   直流电动机驱动模块 ………………………………………………………………10
1.4.1 电路控制原理过程 ……………………………………………………………… 11
1.4.2 三极管的工作状态分析 ………………………………………………………… 12
1.4.3 电路仿真…………………………………………………………………………… 13 
1.5   步进机驱动模块 ………………………………………………………………… 14
1.5.1步进电机控制原理 ………………………………………………………………… 15
1.5.2电路工作过程与电路仿真………………………………………………………… 17
1.5.3 步进电动机的特性 ……………………………………………………………… 18
2    电路板的设计与制作…………………………………………………19
2.1   器件的筛选与检测 ……………………………………………………………… 19
2.2   元器件的装配方式与布局 ……………………………………………………… 20
3    软件部分 …………………………………………………………… 22
3.1   系统接收处理主程序的设计 …………………………………………………… 23
3.2   遥控驾驶的设置中断0处理程序 ……………………………………………… 23
3.3   数码管显示驱动程序 …………………………………………………………… 24
3.4   霍尔传感器的中断1处理程序 ………………………………………………… 24
3.5   延时处理子程序 ………………………………………………………………… 25
3.6   遥控驾驶的设置中断0处理程序 ………………………………………………… 25
4  结论……………………………………………………………… 27
谢  辞 …………………………………………………………………… 28
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………… 29
附录 ……………………………………………………………………… 30